These gold crosses are 4½ inches long and 4 inches across. The ends of the top 3 arms are tulip shaped, giving the affect of three flowers, with the bottom arm making the stem with leaves. There are 8 gold glass beads circling the center of the cross, 6 are ¼ inch in diameter and 2 are nearly 1mm. The cross is made of transparent, soft gold, glass. There are thin lines of gold, highlighting the features of this beautiful cross ornament. The hanging loop consists of ¼ inch gold mesh ribbon, tied to form a 3 inch hanging loop. Select this link to view our Gold and Cream Ornaments.
Cross Information
The Latin cross is supposed to be the kind on which Jesus died. It has a long upright pole and a crosspiece fastened to it near the top. It has a shorter horizontal bar intersecting a longer vertical bar above the mid point.
The Greek cross has four arms of the same length. Another name for the Greek cross is the Cross of Saint George.
The Maltese cross has eight sharp points. It was used by a certain order of knights of the Middle Ages as their emblem. Select this link to view our Gold Ornament and Red Christmas Ornaments.
Several flags have crosses, including all the nations of Scandinavia, whose crosses are known as Scandinavian crosses and many nations in the Southern Hemisphere, which incorporate the Southern Cross. The Flag of Switzerland since the 17th century has displayed an equilateral cross in a square, the Red Cross emblem was based on the Swiss flag. The flag of Georgia displays four Jerusalem crosses on the background of St George cross.
The Crux, or Southern Cross, is a cross shaped constellation in the Southern Hemisphere.
The tallest cross, which stands 500 feet tall, is part of Francisco Franco’s monumental “Valley of the Fallen”, in Spain. Select this link to view our Christian Gift Ideas.
Glass History
The first factory in what is now the United States was a glass plant built at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1608. The venture failed within a year because of a famine that took the lives of many colonists. The Jamestown colonists tried glassmaking again in 1621, but an Indian attack in 1622 and the scarcity of workers ended this attempt in 1624. The industry was reestablished in America in 1739, when Caspar Wistar built a glassmaking plant in what is now Salem County, New Jersey, which operated until 1780.
Wistar is one of the great names of early American glass. The second great American glassmaker was Henry William Stiegel who made clear and colored glass, engraved and enameled glass and the first lead glass produced in North America. A third important American glassmaker was John F. Amelung, who became best known for his elegant engraved glass.
Another important early American glass, Sandwich glass, was made by the Boston and Sandwich Glass Company, founded by Deming Jarves in 1825.It was long believed to be the first company in America to produce pressed glass. But the first was the Bakewell, Page and Bakewell Company of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which began to make pressed glass earlier in 1825. These two companies and many others soon made large quantities of inexpensive glass, both pressed and blown. Every effort was made to produce an economical cut glass.” In lacy Sandwich, for example, glassmakers decorated molds with elaborate designs to give the objects a complex, lacelike effect. Select this link to view our Holy Cross and Iron Cross.
In the early 1800’s window glass, which was called crown glass, was in the greatest demand. It was made by blowing a bubble of glass, then spinning it until it was flat. This process left a sheet of glass with a bump called a crown in the center. By 1825, the cylinder process had replaced the crown method. In this process, molten glass was blown into the shape of a cylinder. After the cylinder cooled, it was sliced down one side. When reheated, it opened up to form a large sheet of thin, clear window glass. In the 1850’s, plate glass was developed for mirrors and other products requiring a high quality of molten glass onto a round or square plate. After the glass was cooled, it was polished on both sides.
Bottles and flasks were first used chiefly for whiskey but the patent medicine industry soon used large numbers of bottles. The screw top Mason jar for canning appeared in 1858. By 1880, commercial food packers began to use glass containers. Glass tableware was used in steadily increasing quantities.